The Future — "Liquid Biopsy" vs. EMB
By 2026, a significant debate exists regarding Donor-Derived Cell-Free DNA (ddcfDNA). This blood test can detect "dying" heart cells from a transplanted organ.
The 2026 Consensus: If the "liquid biopsy" is negative, an invasive EMB might be skipped. However, if the blood test is positive, an EMB is still required to determine the type of rejection and the appropriate treatment. EMB is currently viewed as the "confirmatory tool" rather than the "screening tool."
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