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Phytosterols are plant compounds that are structurally similar to cholesterol. When taken as a supplement (typically in 2-gram doses), they compete with dietary cholesterol for absorption in the gut. Because the body cannot easily absorb phytosterols, they are excreted, taking the blocked cholesterol with them.

In 2026, the FDA and EFSA continue to allow health claims for phytosterols regarding their ability to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. They are often found in "functional foods" like fortified margarines or as soft-gel supplements. They are most effective when used as part of a comprehensive "Heart-Healthy Diet" (such as the Mediterranean or DASH diets).